Апирекс турецкое лекарство инструкция сироп для детей

Caution is required in patients with certain conditions:

— Systemic lupus erythematosus as well as those with mixed connective tissue disease due to increased risk of aseptic meningitis.

— Gastrointestinal disorders and chronic inflammatory intestinal disease as these conditions may be exacerbated (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).

— Caution is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and or heart/failure. Oedema, hypertension and/or cardiac impairment as renal function may deteriorate and/or fluid retention occur.

— Renal impairment as renal function may deteriorate.

— Hepatic dysfunction.

Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the minimum effective dose for the shortest possible duration to control symptoms (see GI and cardiovascular risks below).

The elderly are at increased risk of the serious consequences of adverse reactions especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal.

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from or with a previous history of bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Use with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors should be avoided .

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects

Clinical studies suggest that use of Apireks, particularly at high doses (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke).

Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose Apireks (e.g. ≤1200mg daily) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with Apireks after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of Apireks (2400 mg/day) are required.

There is some evidence that drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis, may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible on withdrawal of treatment.

Gastro-intestinal (GI) bleeding, ulceration, or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at any time during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI effects (including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of gastrotoxicity or bleeding, such as corticosteroids, or anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

Where GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving Apireks, the treatment should be withdrawn immediately.

Dermatological

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Apireks should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicine as this product contains sucrose.

Each tablet contains 67mg of sucrose. This should be taken into account in patients with diabetes mellitus.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents, between the ages of 12-18 year olds.

The label will include:

12-18 years: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 3 days, or you get new symptoms consult your doctor.

Adults: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 10 days, or you get new symptoms consult your pharmacist or doctor.

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product.

Do not take if you:

— have ever had a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

— are allergic to Apireks (or anything else in this medicine), aspirin or other related painkillers

— are taking other NSAID painkillers, or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

— are in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

Speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking if you:

— have asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, had a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems

— are a smoker

— are pregnant

The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation which may be fatal.

Respiratory:

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Other NSAIDs:

The use of Ibuprofen with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors should be avoided.

SLE and mixed connective tissue disease:

Systemic lupus erythematosus as well as those with mixed connective tissue disease — increased risk of aseptic meningitis

Renal:

Renal impairment as renal function may further deteriorate.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents

Hepatic:

Hepatic dysfunction

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects:

Caution (discussion with doctor or pharmacist) is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and/or heart failure as fluid retention, hypertension and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose (2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤1200mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400 mg/day) are required.

Impaired female fertility:

There is limited evidence that drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase/ prostaglandin synthesis may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible upon withdrawal of treatment.

Gastrointestinal:

NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) as these conditions may be exacerbated.

GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal has been reported with all NSAIDs at any time during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of GI events.

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly the elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving ibuprofen, the treatment should be withdrawn.

Dermatological:

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Ibuprofen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Advice for patients with sugar-related disorders:

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.

Advice for patients on a controlled sodium diet:

This medicinal product contains 1.1 mmol (or 25.3 mg) of sodium per 2 doses (2 tablets). To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.

The leaflet will include:

The quantity of sodium contained in 2 tablets is approximately 1.1mmol, ie about 25.3 mg. This quantity is to be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.

If you have been told by your doctor that you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking this medicinal product.

The label will include:

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product

Do not take if you:

— have (or have had two or more episodes of ) a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

— are allergic to ibuprofen, to any of the ingredients, or to aspirin or other related painkillers

— are taking other NSAID pain killers or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

Speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking if you:

— have or have had asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems

— Are a smoker

— Are pregnant

If symptoms persist or worsen, or if new symptoms occur, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

WARNINGS

Allergy alert: Ibuprofen may cause a severe allergic reaction, especially in people allergic to aspirin. Symptoms may include:

• hives
• facial swelling
• asthma (wheezing)
• shock
• skin reddening
• rash
• blisters

If an allergic reaction occurs, stop use and seek medical help right away.

Stomach bleeding warning: This product contains an NSAID, which may cause severe stomach bleeding. The chance is higher if you:

• have had stomach ulcers or bleeding problems
• take a blood thinning (anticoagulant) or steroid drug
• are age 60 or older
• take other drugs containing prescription or nonprescription NSAIDs [aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or others]
• have 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day while using this product
• take more or for a longer time than directed

Do not use

• if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other pain reliever/fever reducer
• right before or after heart surgery

Ask a doctor before use if

• stomach bleeding warning applies to you
• you have a history of stomach problems, such as heartburn
• you have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease
• you are taking a diuretic
• you have problems or serious side effects from taking pain relievers or fever reducers
• you have asthma

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are

• under a doctor’s care for any serious condition
• taking aspirin for heart attack or stroke, because ibuprofen may decrease this benefit of aspirin
• taking any other drug

When using this product

• take with food or milk if stomach upset occurs
• the risk of heart attack or stroke may increase if you use more than directed or for longer than directed

Stop use and ask a doctor if

• you experience any of the following signs of stomach bleeding:
  • feel faint
  • have bloody or black stools
  • vomit blood
  • have stomach pain that does not get better
• pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days
• fever gets worse or lasts more than 3 days
• redness or swelling is present in the painful area
• any new symptoms appear

If pregnant or breast-feeding,

ask a health professional before use. It is especially important not to use ibuprofen during the last 3 months of pregnancy unless definitely directed to do so by a doctor because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during delivery.

Keep out of reach of children.

PRECAUTIONS

See WARNINGS Section above.

). As with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen may mask the signs of infection.

The use of Brufen with concomitant NSAIDs, including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, should be avoided due to the increased risk of ulceration or bleeding.

Elderly

The elderly have an increased frequency of adverse reactions to NSAIDs, especially gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, which may be fatal.

Paediatric population

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents.

Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation

GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at anytime during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events.

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation , and in the elderly.).

Patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly when elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially gastrointestinal bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications which could increase the risk of ulceration or bleeding, such as oral corticosteroids, anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin.

When GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving Brufen, the treatment should be withdrawn.

NSAIDs should be given with care to patients with a history of ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease as these conditions may be exacerbated.

Respiratory disorders and hypersensitivity reactions

Caution is required if Brufen is administered to patients suffering from, or with a previous history of, bronchial asthma, chronic rhinitis or allergic diseases since NSAIDs have been reported to precipitate bronchospasm, urticaria or angioedema in such patients.

Cardiac, renal and hepatic impairment

The administration of an NSAID may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and precipitate renal failure.).

Brufen should be given with care to patients with a history of heart failure or hypertension since oedema has been reported in association with ibuprofen administration.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects

Appropriate monitoring and advice are required for patients with a history of hypertension and/or mild to moderate congestive heart failure as fluid retention and oedema have been reported in association with NSAID therapy.

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose (2400 mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. ≤ 1200mg/day) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400mg/day) should be avoided. Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400mg/day) are required.

Renal effects

Caution should be used when initiating treatment with ibuprofen in patients with considerable dehydration.

As with other NSAIDs, long-term administration of ibuprofen has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal pathologic changes. Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose-dependant reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may cause renal failure. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pre-treatment state.

SLE and mixed connective tissue disease

).

Dermatological effects

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDs. Patients appear to be at highest risk of these reactions early in the course of therapy, the onset of the reaction occurring within the first month of treatment in the majority of cases. Brufen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Haematological effects

Ibuprofen, like other NSAIDs, can interfere with platelet aggregation and prolong bleeding time in normal subjects.

Aseptic meningitis

Aseptic meningitis has been observed on rare occasions in patients on ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have an underlying chronic disease.

Impaired female fertility

The use of Brufen may impair female fertility and is not recommended in women attempting to conceive. In women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility, withdrawal of Brufen should be considered.

WARNINGS

Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.

PRECAUTIONS

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had a higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.

To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events, throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.

There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as ibuprofen, increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events.

Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Two large, controlled clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG.

Post-MI Patients

Observational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.

Avoid the use of Apireks in patients with a recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If Apireks is used in patients with a recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, And Perforation

NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occurred in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months and in about 2%-4% of patients treated for one year. However, even short-term therapy is not without risk.

Risk Factors For GI Bleeding, Ulceration And Perforation

Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding who used NSAIDs had a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients without these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk of GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include longer duration of NSAID therapy; concomitant use of oral corticosteroids, aspirin, anticoagulants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); smoking; use of alcohol; older age; and poor general health status. Most postmarketing reports of fatal GI events occurred in elderly or debilitated patients. Additionally, patients with advanced liver disease and/or coagulopathy are at increased risk for GI bleeding.

Strategies to Minimize the GI Risks in NSAID-treated patients:

• Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration.
• Avoid administration of more than one NSAID at a time.
• Avoid use in patients at higher risk unless benefits are expected to outweigh the increased risk of bleeding. For such patients, as well as those with active GI bleeding, consider alternate therapies other than NSAIDs.
• Remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy.
• If a serious GI adverse event is suspected, promptly initiate evaluation and treatment, and discontinue Apireks until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out.
• In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, monitor patients more closely for evidence of GI bleeding.

Hepatotoxicity

Elevations of ALT or AST (three or more times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) have been reported in approximately 1% of NSAID-treated patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare, sometimes fatal, cases of severe hepatic injury, including fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported.

Elevations of ALT or AST (less than three times ULN) may occur in up to 15% of patients treated with NSAIDs, including ibuprofen.

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flu-like” symptoms).If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue Apireks immediately, and perform a clinical evaluation of the patient.

Hypertension

NSAIDs, including Apireks, can lead to new onset of hypertension or worsening of pre—existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs.

Monitor blood pressure (BP) during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.

Heart Failure And Edema

The Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists’ Collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in hospitalizations for heart failure in COX-2 selective-treated patients and nonselective NSAID-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In a Danish National Registry study of patients with heart failure, NSAID use increased the risk of MI, hospitalization for heart failure, and death.

Additionally, fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients treated with NSAIDs. Use of ibuprofen may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]).

Avoid the use of Apireks in patients with severe heart failure unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If Apireks is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.

Renal Toxicity And Hyperkalemia

Renal Toxicity

Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury.

Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, dehydration, hypovolemia, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.

No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of Apireks in patients with advanced renal disease. The renal effects of Apireks may hasten the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with preexisting renal disease.

Correct volume status in dehydrated or hypovolemic patients prior to initiating Apireks. Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia during use of Apireks. Avoid the use of Apireks in patients with advanced renal disease unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening renal function. If Apireks is used in patients with advanced renal disease, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function.

Hyperkalemia

Increases in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, have been reported with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to a hyporeninemic­hypoaldosteronism state.

Anaphylactic Reactions

Ibuprofen has been associated with anaphylactic reactions in patients with and without known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen and in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma.

Seek emergency help if anaphylactic reaction occurs.

Exacerbation Of Asthma Related To Aspirin Sensitivity

A subpopulation of patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma which may include chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by nasal polyps; severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm; and/or intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs. Because cross-reactivity between aspirin and other NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, Apireks is contraindicated in patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity. When Apireks is used in patients with preexisting asthma (without known aspirin sensitivity), monitor patients for changes in the signs and symptoms of asthma.

Serious Skin Reactions

NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions, and to discontinue the use of Apireks at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Apireks is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs.

Premature Closure Of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus

Ibuprofen may cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Apireks, in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks of gestation (third trimester).

Hematologic Toxicity

Anemia has occurred in NSAID-treated patients. This may be due to occult or gross GI blood loss, fluid retention, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. If a patient treated with Apireks has any signs or symptoms of anemia, monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit.

NSAIDs, including Apireks may increase the risk of bleeding events. Co-morbid conditions such as coagulation disorder, concomitant use of warfarin, other anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may increase this risk. Monitor these patients for signs of bleeding.

Apireks must be diluted prior to use. Infusion of the drug product without dilution can cause hemolysis.

Masking Of Inflammation And Fever

The pharmacological activity of Apireks in reducing inflammation, and possibly fever, may diminish the utility of diagnostic signs in detecting infections.

Laboratory Monitoring

Because serious GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity, and renal injury can occur without warning symptoms or signs, consider monitoring patients on long-term NSAID treatment with a CBC and a chemistry profile periodically.

Ophthalmological Effects

Blurred or diminished vision, scotomata, and changes in color vision have been reported with oral ibuprofen. Discontinue ibuprofen if a patient develops such complaints, and refer the patient for an ophthalmologic examination that includes central visual fields and color vision testing.

Aseptic Meningitis

Aseptic meningitis with fever and coma has been observed in patients on oral ibuprofen therapy. Although it is probably more likely to occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and related connective tissue diseases, it has been reported in patients who do not have underlying chronic disease. If signs or symptoms of meningitis develop in a patient on ibuprofen, give consideration to whether or not the signs or symptoms are related to ibuprofen therapy.

Patient Counseling Information

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide) that accompanies each prescription dispensed. Patients, families, or their caregivers should be informed of the following information before initiating therapy with Apireks and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their health care provider immediately.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, And Perforation

Advise patients to report symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis to their health care provider. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, inform patients of the increased risk for and the signs and symptoms of GI bleeding.

Hepatotoxicity

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, pruritus, diarrhea, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and “flu-like” symptoms). If these occur, instruct patients to stop Apireks and seek immediate medical therapy.

Heart Failure And Edema

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur.

Anaphylactic Reactions

Inform patients of the signs of an anaphylactic reaction (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat). Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help if these occur.

Serious Skin Reactions

Advise patients to stop Apireks immediately if they develop any type of rash and to contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible.

Female Fertility

Advise females of reproductive potential who desire pregnancy that NSAIDs, including Apireks, may be associated with a reversible delay in ovulation

Fetal Toxicity

Inform pregnant women to avoid use of Apireks and other NSAIDs starting at 30 weeks gestation because of the risk of the premature closing of the fetal ductus arteriosus.

Avoid Concomitant Use Of NSAIDs

Inform patients that the concomitant use of Apireks with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy. Alert patients that NSAIDs may be present in “over the counter” medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia.

Use Of NSAIDS And Low-Dose Aspirin

Inform patients not to use low-dose aspirin concomitantly with Apireks until they talk to their healthcare provider.

Nonclinical Toxicology

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of ibuprofen have not been conducted.

Mutagenesis

In published studies, ibuprofen was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames assay).

Impairment Of Fertility

In a published study, dietary administration of ibuprofen to male and female rats 8-weeks prior to and during mating at dose levels of 20 mg/kg (0.06-times the MRHD based on body surface area comparison) did not impact male or female fertility or litter size.

In other studies, adult mice were administered ibuprofen intraperitoneally at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg/day (0.0085-times the MRHD based on body surface area comparison) for 35 or 60 days in males and 35 days in females. There was no effect on sperm motility or viability in males but decreased ovulation was reported in females.

Use In Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Use of NSAIDs, including Apireks, during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Apireks, in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks gestation (third trimester).

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Apireks in pregnant women. Data from observational studies regarding potential embryofetal risks of NSAID use in women in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive. In the general U.S. population, all clinically recognized pregnancies, regardless of drug exposure, have a background rate of 2-4% for major malformations, and 15-20% for pregnancy loss. In published animal reproduction studies, there were no clear developmental effects at doses up to 0.4-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) in the rabbit and 0.5-times in the MRHD rat when dosed throughout gestation. In contrast, an increase in membranous ventricular septal defects was reported in rats treated on Gestation Days 9 & 10 with 0.8-times the MRHD. Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as ibuprofen, resulted in increased pre-and post-implantation loss. Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus.

Clinical Considerations

Labor or Delivery

There are no studies on the effects of Apireks during labor or delivery. In animal studies, NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, cause delayed parturition, and increase the incidence of stillbirth.

Animal Data

In a published study, female rabbits given 7.5, 20, or 60 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.04, 0.12, or 0.36-times the maximum recommended human daily dose of 3200 mg of ibuprofen based on body surface area) from Gestation Days 1 to 29, no clear treatment-related adverse developmental effects were noted. This dose was associated with significant maternal toxicity (stomach ulcers, gastric lesions). In the same publication, female rats were administered 7.5, 20, 60, 180 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.02, 0.06, 0.18, 0.54-times the maximum daily dose) did not result in clear adverse developmental effects. Maternal toxicity (gastrointestinal lesions) was noted at 20 mg/kg and above.

In a published study, rats were orally dosed with 300 mg/kg ibuprofen (0.912-times the maximum human daily dose of 3200 mg based on body surface area) during Gestation Days 9 and 10 (critical time points for heart development in rats). Ibuprofen treatment resulted in an increase in the incidence of membranous ventricular septal defects. This dose was associated with significant maternal toxicity including gastrointestinal toxicity. One incidence each of a membranous ventricular septal defect and gastroschisis was noted in fetuses from rabbits treated with 500 mg/kg (3-times the maximum human daily dose) from Gestation Day 9-11.

Lactation

Risk Summary

No lactation studies have been conducted with Apireks; however, limited published literature reports that, following oral administration, ibuprofen is present in human milk at relative infant doses of 0.06% to 0.6% of the maternal weight-adjusted daily dose. There are no reports of adverse effects on the breastfed infant and no effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Apireks and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from the Apireks or from the underlying maternal condition.

Females And Males Of Reproductive Potential

Infertility

Females

Based on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated NSAIDs, including Apireks, may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women. Published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin- mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. Small studies in women treated with NSAIDs have also shown a reversible delay in ovulation. Consider withdrawal of NSAIDs, including Apireks in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Apireks for the treatment of pain and fever in pediatric patients ages 6 months and older is supported by evidence of fever reduction from a multi-center, open-label study of hospitalized febrile pediatric patients along with safety data from exposure to Apireks in 143 pediatric patients ages 6 months and older in two pediatric fever studies and one pediatric pain study, supportive data from other ibuprofen products approved in pediatric patients, and evidence from adequate and well controlled studies in adults. The effectiveness of Apireks for the treatment of pain and fever has not been studied in pediatric patients less than 6 months of age..

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects.

Clinical studies of Apireks did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. Elderly patients are at increased risk for serious GI adverse events.

Before administration of Apireks an adequate echocardiographic examination should be performed in order to detect a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus and to exclude pulmonary hypertension and ductal-dependent congenital heart disease.

Since prophylactic use in the first 3 days of life (starting within 6 hours of birth) in preterm newborn infants less than 28 weeks of gestational age was associated with increased pulmonary and renal adverse events, Apireks should not be used prophylactically at any gestational age. In particular, severe hypoxemia with pulmonary hypertension was reported in 3 infants within one hour of the first infusion and was reversed within 30 min after start of inhaled nitric oxide therapy.

If hypoxaemia occurs during or following Apireks infusion, close attention should be paid to pulmonary pressure.

Since ibuprofen was shown in vitro to displace bilirubin from its binding site to albumin, the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in premature newborn infants may be increased. Therefore, ibuprofen should not be used in infants with marked elevated bilirubin concentration.

As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ibuprofen may mask the usual signs and symptoms of infection.).

Apireks should be administered carefully to avoid extravasation and potential resultant irritation to tissues.

As ibuprofen may inhibit platelet aggregation, premature neonates should be monitored for signs of bleeding.

As ibuprofen may decrease the clearance of aminoglycosides, strict surveillance of their serum levels is recommended during co-administration with ibuprofen.

Careful monitoring of both renal and gastrointestinal function is recommended.

In preterm newborn infants less than 27 weeks of gestational age, the closure rate of the ductus arteriosus (33 to 50%) was shown to be low at the recommended dose regimen.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (15 mg) per 2 ml, i.e. essentially ‘sodium-free’.

WARNINGS

Included as part of the «PRECAUTIONS» Section

PRECAUTIONS

General

There are no long-term evaluations of the infants treated with ibuprofen at durations greater than the 36 weeks post-conceptual age observation period. Ibuprofen’s effects on neurodevelopmental outcome and growth as well as disease processes associated with prematurity (such as retinopathy of prematurity and chronic lung disease) have not been assessed.

Infection

Apireks may alter the usual signs of infection. The physician must be continually on the alert and should use the drug with extra care in the presence of controlled infection and in infants at risk of infection.

Platelet Aggregation

Apireks, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Preterm infants should be observed for signs of bleeding. Ibuprofen has been shown to prolong bleeding time (but within the normal range) in normal adult subjects. This effect may be exaggerated in patients with underlying hemostatic defects (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Bilirubin Displacement

Ibuprofen has been shown to displace bilirubin from albumin binding-sites; therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with elevated total bilirubin.

Administration

Apireks should be administered carefully to avoid extravascular injection or leakage, as solution may be irritating to tissue.

Use In Specific Populations

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness have only been established in premature infants.

суспензия для приема внутрь [для детей]

На 100 мл:

Действующее вещество: ибупрофен — 2,0 г.

Вспомогательные вещества: полисорбат-80 (твин-80), глицерол (глицерин), мальтитол (мальтитол жидкий), натрия сахарината дигидрат, лимонной кислоты моногидрат, натрия цитрата дигидрат (натрия цитрат 2-водный), камедь ксантановая (ксантановая смола), натрия хлорид, домифена бромид, ароматизатор клубничный (ароматизатор пищевой «Клубника»), вода очищенная.

Суспензия от белого до белого с сероватым или серовато-желтоватым оттенком цвета, с характерным запахом клубники.

НПВП

АТХ M01AE01 Ибупрофен

Фармакодинамика

Механизм действия ибупрофена, производного пропионовой кислоты из группы НПВП, обусловлен ингибированием синтеза простагландинов — медиаторов боли, воспаления и гипертермической реакции.

Неизбирательно блокирует циклооксигеназу 1 (ЦОГ-1) и циклооксигеназу 2 (ЦОГ-2), вследствие чего тормозит синтез простагландинов. Кроме того, ибупрофен обратимо ингибирует агрегацию тромбоцитов.

Оказывает обезболивающее, жаропонижающее и противовоспалительное действие.

Анальгезирующее действие наиболее выражено при болях воспалительного характера.

Действие препарата продолжается до 8 ч.

Фармакокинетика

Абсорбция — высокая, быстро и практически полностью всасывается из желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ) (связь с белками плазмы крови — 90%). После приема ибупрофена натощак у взрослых ибупрофен обнаруживается в плазме крови через 15 мин, максимальная концентрация (С_mах) ибупрофена в плазме крови достигается через 60 мин. Прием ибупрофена вместе с едой может увеличивать время достижения максимальной концентрации (Тс_mах) до 1-2 часов.

Период полувыведения (Т1/2) — 2 часа. Медленно проникает в полость суставов, задерживается в синовиальной жидкости, создавая в ней большие концентрации, чем в плазме крови. После абсорбции около 60% фармакологически неактивной R-формы медленно трансформируется в активную S-форму.

Подвергается метаболизму в печени.

Выводится почками (в неизменном виде не более 1%) и, в меньшей степени, с желчью. В ограниченных исследованиях ибупрофен обнаруживался в грудном молоке в очень низких концентрациях.

Ибупрофен применяют у детей с 3 месяцев жизни до 12 лет в качестве:

— жаропонижающего средства при острых респираторных заболеваниях (в том числе, гриппе), детских инфекциях, постпрививочных реакциях и других инфекционновоспалительных заболеваниях, сопровождающихся повышением температуры тела;

— обезболивающего средства при болевом синдроме слабой или умеренной интенсивности, в том числе: головной боли, зубной боли, мигрени, невралгиях, боли в ушах, боли в горле, боли при растяжениях связок, мышечной боли, ревматической боли, боли в суставах.

Препарат предназначен для симптоматической терапии, уменьшения боли и воспаления на момент использования, на прогрессирование заболевания не влияет.

— Гиперчувствительность к ибупрофену или любому из компонентов, входящих в состав препарата;

— полное или неполное сочетание бронхиальной астмы, рецидивирующего полипоза носа и околоносовых пазух и непереносимости ацетилсалициловой кислоты или других НПВП;

— кровотечение или перфорация язвы ЖКТ в анамнезе, спровоцированные применением НПВП;

— эрозивно-язвенные заболевания органов ЖКТ (в том числе язвенная болезнь желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, болезнь Крона, язвенный колит) или язвенное кровотечение в активной фазе или в анамнезе (два или более подтвержденных эпизода язвенной болезни или язвенного кровотечения);

— тяжелая печеночная недостаточность или заболевание печени в активной фазе;

— почечная недостаточность тяжелой степени тяжести (клиренс креатинина (КК) менее 30 мл/мин), подтвержденная гиперкалиемия;

— декомпенсированная сердечная недостаточность, период после проведения аортокоронарного шунтирования;

— цереброваскулярное или иное кровотечение;

— гемофилия и другие нарушения свертываемости крови (в том числе гипокоагуляция), геморрагические диатезы;

— беременность (III триместр);

— непереносимость фруктозы;

— масса тела ребенка до 5 кг.

При наличии состояний, указанных в данном разделе, перед применением препарата следует проконсультироваться с врачом.

Одновременный прием других НПВП, наличие в анамнезе однократного эпизода язвенной болезни желудка или язвенного кровотечения ЖКТ, гастрит, энтерит, колит, наличие инфекции Helicobacter pylori, язвенный колит; бронхиальная астма или аллергические заболевания в стадии обострения или в анамнезе — возможно развитие бронхоспазма; тяжелые соматические заболевания, системная красная волчанка или смешанное заболевание соединительной ткани (синдром Шарпа) — повышен риск асептического менингита; ветряная оспа; почечная недостаточность, в том числе при обезвоживании (клиренс креатинина 30-60 мл/мин), задержка жидкости и отеки, печеночная недостаточность, артериальная гипертензия и/или сердечная недостаточность, цереброваскулярные заболевания, дислипи- демия/гиперлипидемия, сахарный диабет, заболевания периферических артерий, заболевания крови неясной этиологии (лейкопения, анемия); одновременный прием других лекарственных средств, которые могут увеличить риск возникновения язв или кровотечения, в частности, пероральных глюкокортикостероидов (в том числе преднизолона), антикоагулянтов (в том числе варфарина), селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина (в том числе циталопрама, флуоксетина, пароксетина, сертралина) или антиагрегантов (в том числе ацетилсалициловой кислоты, клопидогрела); беременность (I-II триместр), период грудного вскармливания, пожилой возраст.

Противопоказано применение препарата в III триместре беременности. Перед применением препарата в I и II триместрах беременности или в период грудного вскармливания следует проконсультироваться с врачом.

Имеются данные о том, что ибупрофен в незначительных количествах может проникать в грудное молоко без каких-либо отрицательных последствий для здоровья грудного ребенка.

Ибупрофен — суспензия, специально разработанная для детей.

Для приема внутрь.

Пациентам с повышенной чувствительностью желудка рекомендуется принимать препарат во время еды.

Только для кратковременного применения.

Внимательно прочтите инструкцию перед приемом препарата.

Перед употреблением препарата тщательно взболтайте флакон. Для точного отмеривания дозы препарата используется прилагаемая дозирующая ложка. 5 мл препарата содержат 100 мг ибупрофена или 50 мг ибупрофена в 2,5 мл препарата.

После употребления промойте дозирующую ложку в теплой воде и высушите ее в недоступном для ребенка месте.

Лихорадка (жар) и боль:

Дозировка для детей зависит от возраста и массы тела ребенка.

Максимальная суточная доза не должна превышать 30 мг/кг массы тела ребенка с интервалами между приемами препарата 6-8 часов.

Дети в возрасте 3-6 месяцев (вес ребенка от 5 до 7,6 кг): по 2,5 мл (50 мг) до 3 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 7,5 мл (150 мг) в сутки.

Дети в возрасте 6-12 месяцев (вес ребенка 7,7-9 кг): по 2,5 мл (50 мг) до 3-4 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 10 мл (200 мг) в сутки.

Дети в возрасте 1-3 года (вес ребенка 10-16 кг): по 5,0 мл (100 мг) до 3 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 15 мл (300 мг) в сутки.

Дети в возрасте 4-6 лет (вес ребенка 17-20 кг): по 7,5 мл (150 мг) до 3 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 22,5 мл (450 мг) в сутки.

Дети в возрасте 7-9 лет (вес ребенка 21-30 кг): по 10 мл (200 мг) до 3 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 30 мл (600 мг) в сутки.

Дети в возрасте 10-12 лет (вес ребенка 31-40 кг): по 15 мл (300 мг) до 3 раз в течение 24 часов, не более 45 мл (900 мг) в сутки.

Продолжительность лечения — не более 3 дней. Не превышайте указанную дозу.

Если при приеме препарата в течение 24 часов (у детей в возрасте 3-5 месяцев) или в течение 3 дней (у детей в возрасте 6 месяцев и старше) симптомы сохраняются или усиливаются, необходимо прекратить лечение и обратиться к врачу.

Постиммунизационная лихорадка:

Детям в возрасте до 6 месяцев: по 2,5 мл (50 мг) препарата. При необходимости, еще 2,5 мл (50 мг) через 6 часов. Не применяйте более 5 мл (100 мг) в течение 24 часов.

Риск возникновения побочных эффектов можно свести к минимуму, если принимать препарат коротким курсом, в минимальной эффективной дозе, необходимой для устранения симптомов.

Побочные эффекты преимущественно являются дозозависимыми.

Нижеперечисленные побочные реакции отмечались при кратковременном приеме ибупрофена в дозах, не превышающих 1200 мг/сут. При лечении хронических состояний и при длительном применении возможно появление других побочных реакций.

Оценка частоты возникновения побочных реакций произведена на основании следующих критериев: очень частые (≥ 1/10), частые (от ≥ 1/100 до < 1/10), нечастые (от ↔ 1/1000 до < 1/100), редкие (от ≥ 1/10 000 до < 1/1000), очень редкие (< 1/10 000), частота неизвестна — по имеющимся данным установить частоту возникновения не представлялось возможным.

Нарушения со стороны крови и лимфатической системы:

— очень редкие: нарушения кроветворения (анемия, лейкопения, апластическая анемия, гемолитическая анемия, тромбоцитопения, панцитопения, агранулоцитоз). Первыми симптомами таких нарушений являются лихорадка, боль в горле, поверхностные язвы в полости рта, гриппоподобные симптомы, выраженная слабость, кровотечения из носа и подкожные кровоизлияния, кровотечения и кровоподтеки неизвестной этиологии.

Нарушения со стороны иммунной системы:

— нечастые: реакции гиперчувствительности — неспецифические аллергические реакции и анафилактические реакции, реакции со стороны дыхательных путей (бронхиальная астма, в том числе ее обострение, бронхоспазм, одышка, диспноэ), кожные реакции (зуд, крапивница, пурпура, отек Квинке, эксфолиативные и буллезные дерматозы, в том числе токсический эпидермальнвй некролиз, синдром Лайелла, синдром Стивенса-Джонсона, мультиформная эритема), аллергический ринит, эозинофилия;

— очень редкие: тяжелые реакции гиперчувствительности, в том числе отек лица, языка и гортани, одышка, тахикардия, артериальная гипотензия (анафилаксия, отек Квинке или тяжелый анафилактический шок).

Нарушения со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта:

— нечастые: боль в животе, тошнота, диспепсия;

— редкие: диарея, метеоризм, запор, рвота;

— очень редкие: пептическая язва, перфорация или желудочно-кишечное кровотечение, мелена, кровавая рвота, язвенный стоматит, гастрит;

— частота неизвестна: обострение язвенного колита и болезни Крона.

Нарушения со стороны печени и желчевыводящих путей:

— очень редкие: нарушения функции печени.

Нарушения со стороны почек и мочевыводящих путей:

— очень редкие: острая почечная недостаточность (компенсированная и декомпенсированная), особенно при длительном применении, в сочетании с повышением концентрации мочевины в плазме крови и появлением отеков, папиллярный некроз.

Нарушения со стороны нервной системы:

— нечастые: головная боль;

— очень редкие: асептический менингит (у пациентов с аутоиммунными заболеваниями).

Нарушения со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы:

— частота неизвестна: сердечная недостаточность, периферические отеки, при длительном применении повышен риск тромботических осложнений (например, инфаркт миокарда, инсульт), повышение артериального давления.

Нарушения со стороны дыхательной системы и органов средостения:

— частота неизвестна: бронхиальная астма, бронхоспазм, одышка.

Прочие:

— очень редкие: отеки, в том числе периферические.

Лабораторные показатели:

— гематокрит или гемоглобин (могут уменьшаться);

— время кровотечения (может увеличиваться);

— концентрация глюкозы в плазме крови (может снижаться);

— клиренс креатинина (может уменьшаться);

— плазменная концентрация креатинина (может увеличиваться);

— активность «печеночных» трансаминаз (может повышаться).

При появлении побочных эффектов следует прекратить прием препарата и обратиться к врачу.

В случае непредвиденной передозировки прекратить прием препарата и немедленно обратиться за профессиональной помощью.

У детей симптомы передозировки могут возникать после приема дозы, превышающей 400 мг/кг массы тела. У взрослых дозозависимый эффект передозировки менее выражен. Период полувыведения препарата при передозировке составляет 1,5-3 часа.

Симптомы: тошнота, рвота, боль в эпигастральной области или, реже, диарея, шум в ушах, головная боль и желудочно-кишечное кровотечение. В более тяжелых случаях наблюдаются проявления со стороны центральной нервной системы: сонливость, редко — возбуждение, судороги, дезориентация, кома. В случаях тяжелого отравления может развиваться метаболический ацидоз и увеличение протромбинового времени, почечная недостаточность, повреждение ткани печени, снижение артериального давления, угнетение дыхания и цианоз. У пациентов с бронхиальной астмой возможно обострение этого заболевания.

Лечение: симптоматическое, с обязательным обеспечением проходимости дыхательных путей, мониторингом электрокардиограммы (ЭКГ) и основных показателей жизнедеятельности вплоть до нормализации состояния пациента. Рекомендуется пероральное применение активированного угля или промывание желудка в течение 1 часа после приема потенциально токсической дозы ибупрофена. Если ибупрофен уже абсорбировался, может быть назначено щелочное питье с целью выведения кислого производного ибупрофена почками, форсированный диурез. Частые или продолжительные судороги следует купировать внутривенным введением диазепама или лоразепама. При ухудшении бронхиальной астмы рекомендуется применение бронходилататоров.

Следует избегать одновременного применения ибупрофена со следующими лекарственными средствами:

— Ацетилсалициловая кислота: за исключением низких доз ацетилсалициловой кислоты (не более 75 мг в сутки), назначенных врачом, поскольку совместное применение может повысить риск возникновения побочных эффектов. При одновременном применении ибупрофен
снижает противовоспалительное и антиагрегантное действие ацетилсалициловой кислоты (возможно повышение частоты развития острой коронарной недостаточности у пациентов, получающих в качестве антиагрегантного средства малые дозы ацетилсалициловой кислоты, после начала приема ибупрофена).

— Другие НПВП, в том числе селективные ингибиторы ЦОГ-2: следует избегать одновременного применения двух и более препаратов из группы НПВП из-за возможного увеличения риска возникновения побочных эффектов.

С осторожностью применять одновременно со следующими лекарственными средствами:

— Антикоагулянты и тромболитические препараты: НПВП могут усиливать эффект антикоагулянтов, в частности, варфарина и тромболитических препаратов.

— Гипотензивные средства (ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента (АПФ) и антагонисты ангиотензина II) и диуретики: НПВП могут снижать эффективность препаратов этих групп. Диуретики и ингибиторы АПФ могут повышать нефротоксичность НПВП.

— Глюкокортикостероиды: повышенный риск образования язв ЖКТ и желудочно-кишечного кровотечения.

— Антиагреганты и селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина (СИОЗС): повышенный риск возникновения желудочно-кишечного кровотечения.

— Сердечные гликозиды: одновременное назначение НПВП и сердечных гликозидов может привести к усугублению сердечной недостаточности, снижению скорости клубочковой фильтрации и увеличению концентрации сердечных гликозидов в плазме крови.

— Препараты лития: существуют данные о вероятности увеличения концентрации лития в плазме крови на фоне применения НПВП.

— Метотрексат: при одновременном применении с НПВП замедляется выведение метотрексата. У пациентов со сниженной функцией почек отмечен высокий риск развития гепатотоксических реакций, даже при использовании низких доз метотрексата (< 20 мг/неделя).

— Циклоспорин и препараты золота усиливают влияние ибупрофена на синтез простагландинов в почках, что проявляется повышением риска нефротоксичности.

— Мифепристон: прием НПВП следует начать не ранее, чем через 8-12 дней после приема мифепристона, поскольку НПВП могут снижать эффективность мифепристона.

— Такролимус: при одновременном назначении НПВП и такролимуса возможно увеличение риска нефротоксичности.

— Зидовудин: одновременное применение НПВП и зидовудина может привести к повышению гематотоксичности. Имеются данные о повышенном риске возникновения гемартроза и гематом у ВИЧ-положительных пациентов с гемофилией, получавших совместное лечение зидовудином и ибупрофеном.

— Антибиотики хинолонового ряда: у пациентов, получающих совместное лечение НПВП и антибиотиками хинолонового ряда, возможно увеличение риска возникновения судорог.

Совместное применение ибупрофена с цефамандолом, цефоперазоном, цефотетаном, вальпроевой кислотой, тикамицином повышает частоту развития гипопротромбинемии.

Индукторы микросомального окисления (фенитоин, этанол, барбитураты, рифампицин, фенилбутазон, трициклические антидепрессанты) увеличивают продукцию гидроксилированных активных метаболитов, повышая риск развития тяжелых гепатотоксических реакций.

— Ингибиторы микросомального окисления снижают риск гепатотоксического действия ибупрофена.

Использование ибупрофена вместе с тиазидными диуретиками снижает их эффективность.

Препарат усиливает побочные эффекты минералокортикостероидов и глюкокортикостероидов.

Кофеин усиливает анальгезирующий эффект ибупрофена.

Миелотоксические лекарственные средства усиливают проявления гематотоксичности препарата.

Лекарственные средства, блокирующие канальцевую секрецию, снижают выведение и повышают плазменную концентрацию ибупрофена.

Ибупрофен снижает эффективность урикозурических лекарственных средств, усиливает действие антиагрегантов, фибринолитиков, тромболитических лекарственных средств и инсулина.

Колестирамин снижает абсорбцию ибупрофена.

Рекомендуется применять препарат максимально возможным коротким курсом и в минимальной эффективной дозе, необходимой для устранения симптомов.

Во время длительного лечения необходим контроль картины периферической крови и функционального состояния печени и почек.

При появлении симптомов гастропатии показан тщательный контроль, включающий проведение эзофагогастродуоденоскопии, общий анализ крови (определение гемоглобина), анализ кала на скрытую кровь.

При необходимости определения 17-кетостероидов препарат следует отменить за 48 часов до исследования.

В период лечения не рекомендуется прием этанола.

Препарат противопоказан пациентам с непереносимостью фруктозы, так как содержит в составе мальтитол.

Ибупрофен можно применять детям с сахарным диабетом, так как препарат не содержит сахара.

Не содержит красителей.

Пациентам с почечной недостаточностью необходимо проконсультироваться с врачом перед применением препарата, поскольку существует риск ухудшения функционального состояния почек.

Пациентам с гипертонией, в том числе в анамнезе и/или хронической сердечной недостаточностью, необходимо проконсультироваться с врачом перед применением препарата, поскольку препарат может вызвать задержку жидкости, повышение артериального давления и отеки.

Применение НПВП у пациентов с ветряной оспой может быть связано с повышенным риском развития тяжелых гнойных осложнений инфекционно-воспалительных заболеваний кожи и подкожно-жировой клетчатки (например, некротизирующего фасциита). В связи с этим рекомендуется избегать применения препарата при ветряной оспе.

Пациентам, отмечающим возникновение головокружения, головной боли или нарушений зрения при приеме ибупрофена, рекомендуется воздержаться от управления автотранспортом и занятий другими потенциально опасными видами деятельности, требующими повышенной концентрации внимания, быстроты психомоторных и двигательных реакций.

Суспензия для приема внутрь [для детей], 100 мг/5 мл.

По 100 мл во флаконы из оранжевого стекла с винтовой горловиной, укупоренные колпачками алюминиевыми с перфорацией или крышками укупорочно-навинчиваемыми с контролем первого вскрытия, или крышками с контролем первого вскрытия и защитой от детей, или крышками с контролем первого вскрытия, или крышками с защитой от вскрытия детьми.

Каждый флакон с инструкцией по применению и ложкой полимерной двухсторонней дозировочной аптечной для лекарственных средств или ложкой полимерной двухсторонней дозировочной для лекарственных средств, или ложкой дозирующей помещают в пачку из картона.

При температуре не выше 25°С.

Хранить в местах, недоступных для детей.

3 года.

Использовать в течение 6 месяцев после вскрытия флакона.

Не применять по истечении срока годности.

Без рецепта

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2018-07-12
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